Economic Features of States in Pre-colonial Nigeria

Pre-colonial Nigeria was characterized by diverse economic activities across different regions. This note focuses on the economic features of the Hausa states and the Igbo people, highlighting their primary occupations and industries.

Question on this appeared as the below in History WASSCE Past Question:

1. Highlight any five features of the Igbo in the pre-colonial era. (WASSCE FOR SCHOOL CANDIDATES 2022)
2. Highlight any five features of the Igbo in the pre-colonial era. (WASSCE FOR SCHOOL CANDIDATES 2022)
   

Economic Features of Hausa States

The Hausa states had a rich and varied economy, which included:

1. Agriculture: Cultivation of crops such as guinea corn, millet, beans, and vegetables¹.
2. Animal husbandry: Rearing of animals and birds, including cattle and fowls.
3. Trade: Engagement in both short and long-distance trade, with the emergence of important trade centers like Kano and Katsina.
4. Market centers: Existence of designated areas for the exchange of goods and services.
5. Craftsmanship: Specialization in leather works.
6. Metallurgy: Presence of iron ore, leading to smelting and blacksmithing activities.
7. Hunting: Pursuit of game for food and other resources.
8. International commerce: Revenue received from Arab traders.
9. Taxation: Collection of tributes from vassal states.

Economic Features of Igbo People

The Igbo people were known for their diverse economic activities, including:

1. Agriculture: Farming was a primary occupation².
2. Trade: Engagement in local and regional commerce.
3. Metalwork: Expertise in working with metals.
4. Fishing: Exploitation of aquatic resources.
5. Wood carving: Skilled craftsmanship in wood.
6. Cloth weaving: Production of textiles as an important economic activity³.

Further Reading

1. Falola, T., & Heaton, M. M. (2008). A history of Nigeria. Cambridge University Press ↩︎
2. Isichei, E. (1976). A history of the Igbo people. Macmillan ↩︎
3. Afigbo, A. E. (1981). Ropes of sand: Studies in Igbo history and culture. University Press ↩︎