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The years following World War II witnessed a notable increase in nationalist movements across colonized nations, especially in Africa. Nigeria, similar to many other colonies, experienced a heightened push for independence. This blog post examines the main external factors that fueled the Nigerian n ationalists’ demand for independence after 1945.
A question on this topic was been found in History WASSCE past questions:
- Highlight any five external factors that increased nationalists’ demand for independence after 1945. (WASSCE (SC), 2022)
1. The Experience of Returnee Nigerian Ex-Service Men
Nigerian soldiers who fought alongside the British during World War II came back with fresh perspectives. Their exposure to various cultures and ideologies, coupled with their experience of fighting for freedom abroad, sparked a desire for independence in their own country. These veterans played a significant role in spreading nationalist ideas and challenging colonial rule.
2. Anti-Colonial Stance of the United Nations Organization
The creation of the United Nations in 1945 brought about a change in global politics. The UN Charter emphasized the right to self-determination, which offered moral and diplomatic support for anticolonial movements worldwide, including Nigeria.
3. British Labour Party’s Condemnation of Colonialism
The ascendancy of the Labour Party in Britain after World War II led to a more critical view of colonialism within the British government. This shift in political ideology in the metropole provided additional impetus to Nigerian nationalists.
4. Influence of the Pan-African Congress
The Pan-African movement, notably the 5th Pan-African Congress held in Manchester in 1945, brought together African leaders and intellectuals. This congress bolstered the resolve of Nigerian nationalists and provided a platform for coordinating independence efforts across the African continent.
5. Loss of British Prestige During World War II
The war had considerably weakened Britain, both economically and in terms of global influence. This decline in prestige encouraged nationalist movements in the colonies, as the notion of British invincibility was shattered.
6. Independence of India and Pakistan
The granting of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947 had a significant impact on other British colonies. It showed that independence was attainable and inspired Nigerian nationalists to intensify their demands for self-governance.
Closing Thoughts
These external factors, combined with internal dynamics, generated a powerful momentum for Nigerian independence. The interaction of global events, ideological shifts, and the changing balance of power in the post-war world significantly contributed to Nigeria’s journey towards independence, which was ultimately achieved on October 1, 1960.
Analyzing these factors provides valuable insights into the process of decolonization and the emergence of modern African nations. It also highlights the interconnectedness of global events and their impact on local political movements.
Further Reading
Vincent-Anene, P. (2022, July 11). The Nigerian struggle for independence. The Nonviolence Project. https://thenonviolenceproject.wisc.edu/2022/07/11/the-nigerian-struggle-for-independence/
Abdulbasit Toriola is an emerging voice in Nigerian cultural commentary and social analysis. From his corner in Lagos, he documents Nigerian history, current affairs, and explores the extraordinary journeys of Nigerians beating the odds. His works have been published on Africa Prime News and Opinion Nigeria. Connect with Abdulbasit on Twitter @blackboymusings for daily insights into Nigerian life and culture.
